Horse Leg Protection: Choosing the Right Boots and Bandages

Horse boots and bandages are commonly used to protect the lower legs during exercise, competition, travel and rehabilitation. But does every horse need them, and can they actually prevent injuries?

From brushing boots and tendon boots to overreach boots and exercise bandages, there are plenty of options available to horse owners. While the right protection can help reduce injuries caused by knocks, strikes and interference, it's important to understand what these products can and cannot do.

Choosing suitable leg protection involves considering your horse's conformation, workload, individual needs and the conditions in which they're working.

Understanding Your Horse's Lower Legs

A horse's lower legs are remarkably strong structures, designed to support considerable weight and withstand the forces generated during movement.

Below the knee and hock, the limbs contain bones, tendons and ligaments rather than large muscle groups. These structures work together to support the horse's weight, absorb forces and allow efficient movement.

Some of the most important structures include:

• Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon (SDFT): Helps support the fetlock and plays an important role in movement and energy storage.

• Deep Digital Flexor Tendon (DDFT): Runs down the back of the leg and attaches within the hoof, contributing to movement and support.

• Suspensory Ligament: Helps prevent excessive extension of the fetlock during weight-bearing.

• Check Ligaments: Assist in supporting the flexor tendon structures.

These tissues are subjected to considerable forces during exercise, particularly during jumping, fast work and repetitive athletic movements.

Tendon and ligament injuries can be challenging to manage, often requiring lengthy rehabilitation. However, while boots can provide protection against external trauma, they cannot eliminate the risk of strain injuries caused by overloading these structures.

Do Horses Really Need Leg Protection?

Not every horse requires boots or bandages for everyday exercise.

Some horses move comfortably without interfering with their own legs, while others may be more prone to brushing, overreaching or striking themselves.

Leg protection may be beneficial for horses that:

• Regularly brush or strike their own legs during movement.

• Are prone to overreaching and catching their front heels with their hind feet.

• Participate in activities where contact with obstacles is more likely, such as showjumping or cross-country.

• Require specific protection during rehabilitation or transport, under appropriate guidance.

Importantly, boots should be selected to address an identified risk rather than simply because they're commonly used in a particular discipline.

A horse that works comfortably without leg protection may not benefit from wearing boots unnecessarily.

Types of Horse Boots and Their Uses

Brushing Boots

Brushing boots are designed to protect the inside of the lower legs from knocks caused by the opposite hoof or limb.

They generally feature a protective strike pad positioned along the inside of the leg and are commonly used during flatwork, hacking and general exercise.

Brushing boots can be particularly useful for horses that naturally move close together or occasionally interfere with their own limbs.

They should fit securely without restricting movement or placing excessive pressure on the tendons.

Tendon Boots

Tendon boots are commonly used in showjumping and other disciplines where horses may strike the back of their front legs.

Many designs feature a protective outer shell covering the rear of the cannon bone, with an open front to allow freedom of movement.

Despite their name, tendon boots do not physically support the tendons in a way that prevents strain injuries. Their primary purpose is to reduce the impact of external knocks.

Look for boots that provide appropriate coverage, fit correctly and allow adequate airflow.

Fetlock Boots

Fetlock boots are generally fitted to the hind legs to protect the fetlock area from brushing and impact injuries.

They are particularly common in showjumping, where horses may strike the inside of the fetlock during movement.

Different designs offer varying levels of coverage, so the choice should reflect the horse's individual needs.

For competition horses, always check the relevant governing body's current equipment rules, as certain boot designs and fastening methods may be restricted.

Overreach Boots

Overreach boots, sometimes called bell boots, protect the heel bulbs and coronet area from being struck by the hind hooves.

Overreaching occurs when a hind foot makes contact with the front foot, potentially causing cuts, bruising or pulled shoes.

Overreach boots can be useful during exercise, turnout or travel for horses that are prone to this type of interference.

Correct fit is essential. Boots should provide sufficient coverage without dragging excessively on the ground, rubbing the pasterns or restricting movement.

Exercise Bandages

Exercise bandages, including polo wraps, are sometimes used during schooling and competition.

When correctly applied, they can provide a layer of protection against minor knocks and abrasions. However, there is limited evidence that routine exercise bandages provide meaningful structural support to healthy tendons and ligaments.

Bandages also require careful application. Uneven tension, wrinkles or excessive tightness can create pressure points and potentially cause injury.

For this reason, exercise bandages should only be applied by someone experienced in their correct use.

Can Horse Boots Cause Tendons to Overheat?

One of the most important considerations when choosing leg protection is heat build-up.

Research has shown that boots and bandages can significantly increase the temperature of a horse's lower legs during exercise.

A 2014 study published in theAmerican Journal of Veterinary Research measured skin temperatures in horses exercising with tendon boots, bandages and uncovered legs.

Following exercise, the average skin temperatures beneath the bandages and tendon boots were significantly higher than before exercise, while uncovered limbs remained much cooler under the study conditions.

This raises important questions about the potential effects of prolonged heat exposure on tendons.

Tendons naturally generate heat during exercise, particularly during repetitive or high-intensity activity. Excessive temperatures are considered a possible contributor to tendon damage, although research has not established exactly how much additional risk is caused by wearing different types of boots during normal exercise.

More recent research has reinforced concerns about the insulating effects of leg coverings, although the relationship between increased temperature and actual injury risk remains an area of ongoing investigation.

What Does This Mean for Horse Owners?

The findings don't necessarily mean that horses should never wear boots.

Instead, they highlight the importance of balancing protection against impact with the potential disadvantages of heat retention.

Consider the following:

• Use boots when there is a genuine need for protection.

• Choose lightweight, breathable designs where appropriate.

• Avoid leaving exercise boots on unnecessarily after work.

• Remove boots promptly after exercise to allow the legs to cool.

• Be particularly mindful of heat build-up during warm weather and intensive exercise.

• Regularly inspect the legs for rubbing, swelling, sensitivity or excessive warmth.

For horses working in Western Australia's warmer climate, ventilation and the duration of boot use are especially important considerations.

A ventilated boot may help reduce heat retention compared with a heavily insulated design, but no boot should be assumed to eliminate the risk of overheating.

Should Horses Wear Boots During Turnout?

Some owners use turnout boots to protect horses from knocks, particularly when introducing horses to new paddocks or managing animals prone to interfering with their own legs.

However, routine turnout boots are not necessary for every horse.

Prolonged use can increase the risk of rubbing, trapped dirt and moisture, and heat retention.

In sandy or dusty paddocks, particularly during Western Australia's dry summers, dirt can also accumulate beneath poorly fitted boots and cause irritation.

If turnout boots are required:

• Choose designs specifically intended for turnout.

• Remove them regularly to inspect and clean the legs.

• Avoid prolonged use in hot conditions where possible.

• Monitor for rubbing, swelling and skin irritation.

• Ensure they remain securely fitted without slipping or restricting movement.

Where there is no particular need for additional protection, leaving the legs uncovered may be the more practical option.

Leg Protection During Travel

Travelling can expose a horse's legs to accidental knocks during loading, unloading and transport.

Travel boots and bandages are commonly used to provide additional protection, particularly around the lower legs, fetlocks and heels.

Travel Boots

Travel boots typically provide extensive coverage and are designed to be relatively quick and easy to fit.

They can help protect against accidental contact with the float, truck or the horse's other limbs.

However, not every horse tolerates travel boots well. Some horses become uncomfortable or alter their movement when wearing bulky protection.

Travel Bandages

Travel bandages can provide protection when correctly applied over suitable padding.

However, they require experience to fit safely. Bandages that loosen or slip during transport can become a hazard.

Do All Horses Need Travel Boots?

Not necessarily.

Some horses travel safely and comfortably without leg protection, particularly if they're accustomed to transport and are travelling in a well-maintained float or truck.

Introducing unfamiliar, bulky travel boots immediately before a journey may cause more problems than it prevents.

If you intend to use travel protection, introduce it gradually and make sure your horse is comfortable wearing it before travelling.

Good float design, safe flooring, careful driving and appropriate loading practices remain essential, regardless of whether boots are worn.

Choosing and Fitting the Right Leg Protection

Even the best-quality boots can cause problems if they don't fit correctly.

Poorly fitted equipment can create pressure points, restrict movement or rub against the skin.

When selecting boots or bandages, consider the following.

1. Correct sizing

Follow the manufacturer's sizing recommendations and consider your horse's individual leg shape. Some horses may require different sizes for their front and hind legs.

2. Secure but comfortable fit

Boots should remain in place during movement without being excessively tight.

3. Appropriate coverage

Choose protection that addresses the particular type of interference or impact your horse is likely to experience.

4. Breathability

Consider materials and ventilation, particularly for horses working in warm conditions.

5. Ease of cleaning

Boots should be cleaned regularly to remove dirt, sweat, sand and debris that may cause irritation.

6. Regular inspection

Check boots and fastenings for wear or damage, and inspect your horse's legs after use.

Never assume a boot is suitable simply because it fits another horse of a similar size.

Beyond Boots: Protecting Your Horse's Legs Through Good Management

While protective equipment has its place, preventing injuries involves much more than choosing the right boots.

Build Fitness Gradually

Tendons, ligaments and other supporting structures need time to adapt to increasing workloads.

Sudden increases in exercise intensity, duration or jumping demands can contribute to injury risk.

A progressive training programme that incorporates appropriate recovery periods is an important part of maintaining soundness.

Consider Arena and Riding Surfaces

Surface consistency, firmness and maintenance can all influence the forces acting on a horse's limbs.

Avoid sudden changes in workload on unfamiliar, excessively deep or uneven surfaces, and ensure horses are appropriately conditioned for the work expected of them.

Maintain Appropriate Hoof Care

Regular hoof care and suitable trimming or shoeing support comfortable, balanced movement.

Hoof management should be tailored to the individual horse in consultation with a qualified farrier and veterinarian where necessary.

Support Overall Nutritional Health

A balanced diet is also an important component of maintaining healthy muscles, bones and connective tissues.

Adequate energy, quality protein, vitamins and minerals all contribute to normal tissue maintenance and recovery.

Nutrients such as copper, zinc and manganese play roles in normal connective tissue metabolism, but more is not necessarily better. Excessive supplementation can create nutritional imbalances.

A forage-based diet with an appropriately balanced vitamin and mineral intake is generally a sound starting point.

For horses in regular or demanding work, nutritional requirements should be assessed according to their workload, body condition and existing diet.

Recognise Early Warning Signs

Regularly checking your horse's legs can help identify potential problems before they become more serious.

Watch for:

• Unexplained swelling or filling.

• Localised heat or tenderness.

• Changes in movement or willingness to work.

• Lameness or unusual stiffness.

• Cuts, abrasions or rubbing caused by equipment.

If you notice persistent swelling, lameness or signs of a tendon or ligament injury, seek veterinary advice promptly rather than relying on boots or bandages to manage the problem.

Final Thoughts: Does Your Horse Need Boots?

Horse boots and bandages can play a valuable role in protecting against knocks, brushing and other external injuries. However, they're not a substitute for appropriate training, sound management or good veterinary care.

Research has also highlighted the potential disadvantages of unnecessary leg protection, particularly when it comes to heat retention during exercise.

The best approach is to choose leg protection based on your horse's individual needs rather than assuming that more protection is always better.

Whether your horse is enjoying light recreational riding, regular dressage schooling or demanding jumping sessions, comfortable, well-fitting equipment and sensible management should always come first.

At Oakford Stockfeeds, we believe that informed horse care is one of the foundations of keeping horses happy, healthy and performing at their best.

For advice on supporting your horse's nutritional needs through work, recovery and everyday care, contact the team at Oakford Stockfeeds.